examples for Semantic Networks and conceptual graph

ex/Represent the following knowledge using semantic net

 COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms of COVID-19 often include fever, cough, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads mainly when an infected person is in close contact with another person. Preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face.

sol//

ex/Consider the following: "Some kids eat any food. No kid cats food that is blue. All kids like food manufactured by Mars". Prove using predicate logic and resolution that: "No food manufactured by Mars is blue."

ex/ Consider the following knowledge: "If the maid stole the jewelry, then the butler was not guilty. Either the maid stole the jewelry or she milked the caws. If the maid milked the cows, then the butler got his cream". Prove using propositional logic and resolution that: "if the butler was guilty, then he got his cream".

sol//

ANS-

(GIVEN):

To prove "if the butler was guilty, then he got his cream" using propositional logic and resolution, we can represent the given statements using propositional variables:

So now ,

Let G = "The butler was guilty" Let S = "The maid stole the jewelry" Let M = "The maid milked the cows" Let C = "The butler got his cream"

Then the given statements can be represented as follows:

1. If S then ¬G
2. S or M
3. If M then C

To prove "if G then C", we can use resolution to try and derive a contradiction from the negation of this statement and the given statements.

First, we can negate the target statement to get ¬(G → C), which is equivalent to G ∧ ¬C.

Then, we can use the given statements to try and derive this contradiction:

1. ¬(G → C) (Negation of target statement)
2. S or M (Given statement 2)
3. If S then ¬G (Given statement 1)
4. If M then C (Given statement 3)

Now we can use resolution to try and derive G ∧ ¬C from these statements.

First, we can use statement 2 and 3 to derive S ∧ ¬G.

Then, we can use this derived statement and statement 4 to derive M ∧ ¬G.

Finally, we can use these derived statements and the fact that S and M are exclusive to derive G ∧ ¬C:

1. ¬(G → C)
2. S or M
3. If S then ¬G
4. If M then C
5. S ∧ ¬G
6. M ∧ ¬G
7. (S ∧ M) ∨ G ∧ ¬C

From this, we can say that our original target statement must be true: G → C.

In summary,

ex/Consider the following: "Some kids eat any food. No kid cats food that is blue. All kids like food manufactured by Mars". Prove using predicate logic and resolution that: "No food manufactured by Mars is blue."

sol//

ANS-

So now according to the question ,

Let's represent the statements in the problem using predicate logic:

1. "Some kids eat any food" can be represented as ∃x(Kid(x))
2. "No kid cats food that is blue" can be represented as ∀x(¬Kid(x) ∨ ¬Blue(Food(x)))
3. "All kids like food manufactured by Mars" can be represented as ∀x(Kid(x) → Mars(Food(x)))

To prove that "No food manufactured by Mars is blue", we need to show that ∀x(Mars(Food(x)) → ¬Blue(Food(x))).

We will use resolution to prove this statement by combining the given statements and negating the target statement:

1. ¬∀x(Mars(Food(x)) → ¬Blue(Food(x))) (Negation of target statement)
2. ∃x(Kid(x)) (Given statement 1)
3. ∀x(¬Kid(x) ∨ ¬Blue(Food(x))) (Given statement 2)
4. ∀x(Kid(x) → Mars(Food(x))) (Given statement 3)

Now we can use resolution to try and derive a contradiction from these statements.

First, we can use statements 2 and 3 to derive ∃x(Kid(x) ∧ Blue(Food(x))).

so then ,

we can use this derived statement and statement 4 to derive a contradiction:

1. ¬∀x(Mars(Food(x)) → ¬Blue(Food(x)))
2. ∃x(Kid(x))
3. ∀x(¬Kid(x) ∨ ¬Blue(Food(x)))
4. ∀x(Kid(x) → Mars(Food(x)))
5. ∃x(Kid(x) ∧ Blue(Food(x)))

From this, we can say that our original target statement must be true: ∀x(Mars(Food(x)) → ¬Blue(Food(x))).

ex/Represent the following sentence using conceptual graph: “Twitter is a social networking and micro-blogging service that allows you connect and share with the people in your life by sending short text messages 140 characters in length, called tweets, to your friends”.

sol//

ex/Draw a semantic net for the following story: "Ban and her husband, Ahmed, were very poor. Nevertheless, because Christmas was approaching, each wanted to give something special to the other. Ban cut off and sold her beautiful hair to buy an expansive watch chain for Ahmed. In the same time, Ahmed sold his watch to buy some wonderful combs for Ban's hair. When they found out what they had done, they were sad for a moment".

sol//

ex//Represent the following knowledge using semantic network: “Hi5 is a social website based in California. The company was founded in 2003 by Y. Ramu. Hi5 has many features, such as friend networks, photo sharing, user groups, and status updates”

sol//

ex/Represent the following knowledge using semantic network: “YouTube is a videosharing website, created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005, on which users can upload, view and share videos. The company is based in San Bruno, California, and uses Adobe Flash Video and HTML5 technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content, including movie clips, TV clips, and music videos, as well as amateur content such as video blogging and short original videos”.

sol//

ex/Represent the following information using semantic net: A bird is a kind of animal. Albatross is a kind of bird and so is Kiwi. Albert is an albatross and so is Ross. Kim is a Kiwi. Flying is the normal moving method of birds. Bird is active at daylight. The color of Albatross is black and white. The color of Kiwi is brown. The moving method of Kiwi is walking. Kiwi is active at night.

sol//

ex/Represent the following information as a semantic net: "Ali was hungry. He went to ask his mother for money to buy a sandwich, but he couldn't find her. So he went to get an apple from the refrigerator. But the refrigerator was practically empty. To take his mind off his empty stomach, he went out to play."

sol//

ex/Draw a conceptual graph for the following story: "When you go to a movie theatre, you usually buy a ticket, hand the ticket to the ticket taker, and then go and find a seat. Sometimes you buy popcorn before going to your seat. When the movie is over you leave the theatre".

sol//

ex/Represent the following information as a semantic net: "Cars and trucks are types of vehicles. A car is used for passenger transport. A truck is used for goods transport. Ali owns a white BMW with registration number 1234. Ahmed owns a blue KIA with registration number 4321. Ali's car is faster than Ahmed's car. A truck is larger than a car."

sol//

Q: Represent the following knowledge using semantic net: "The web application is accessed through the web browser. The web application runs on the web server. The web browser communicates using HTTP and TCP/IP. The web browser needs Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL). The web server communicates using HTTP and TCP/IP. When using HTTP, TCP/IP, one gets host names using the Domain Name Server (DNS). The Web server is configured by Configuration files. The Web server launches the CGI program. The CGI program is written in Perl. The CGI program gets results from the database. The CGI program formats the results in HTML. The Database is configured by Configuration files".

sol//

Q: Represent the following knowledge using semantic net: "The Queen Mary is an ocean liner, and so is Swimming Pool. Every ocean liner is a ship. The oil tanker is a ship. Liverpool is an oil tanker. The engine and the hull are parts of the ship. The boiler is a part of the engine." 

sol//

ex/Computer has many parts like a CPU and the computer divided into two types , the first one is the mainframe and the second is the personal computer . Mainframe has a line printer with large sheet but the personal computer has a laser printer . IBM as example to the mainframe but PIII and PIV as examples to the personal computer .

sol//

ex/Layla gave selma abook.

sol//

ex/Layla told suha that she gave selma abook.

sol//

ex/John broke the window with the hammer.

sol//

ex/John gave merry a book of data structure in the class.

sol//

تعديل المقال